(Download) "Effects of Prescribed Fire on Winter Assemblages of Birds in Ponderosa Pine Forests of Northern Arizona (Report)" by Southwestern Naturalist " eBook PDF Kindle ePub Free
eBook details
- Title: Effects of Prescribed Fire on Winter Assemblages of Birds in Ponderosa Pine Forests of Northern Arizona (Report)
- Author : Southwestern Naturalist
- Release Date : January 01, 2010
- Genre: Life Sciences,Books,Science & Nature,
- Pages : * pages
- Size : 198 KB
Description
Although most studies of avian ecology occur during the breeding season, winter is important to population ecology of birds. survival in winter can affect populations, because birds that survive winter may reproduce the following breeding season (Fretwell, 1972; Kreisel and Stein, 1999). habitat required for breeding might not be the same as habitat that provides food and shelter from harsh conditions in winter (Fretwell, 1972; Grubb, 1975, 1977; Connor, 1979; Graber and Graber, 1983; Morrison et al., 1986). Food generally is limited in winter; as insects are less abundant and many plants are dormant during this time. As a result, food is distributed patchily and birds become opportunistic in their foraging ecology (Beal, 1911; Otvos, 1965; Willson, 1971; Crockett and Hansley, 1978; Brawn et al., 1982; Morrison et al., 1986; Szaro et al., 1990). For many forests, including ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests in northern Arizona, fire was a natural disturbance of the system until fire-suppression efforts began in the early 20th century. Frequent, low-intensity fires were part of the ecology and evolutionary history of ponderosa pine forests (cooper, 1960; Covington and Moore, 1994; Swetnam and Baisan, 1996; Moir et al., 1997). Managers are attempting alternative forest-management strategies that include using prescribed burns in an effort to return fire to the landscape. As such, it will be important to understand effects of these treatments on birds wintering in areas where managers are using this tool.
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